BootyIndian Express He has initiated a new series of articles for ESCSC postgraduate students written by spicy writers and scientists, history, politics, international relations, art, culture, science and technologies. Read and reflect with subject experts and promote your chance to break a very desired UPSC CSE. In the next article, in Renuka, which works with a doctoral researcher Environmental Management, Analyzes the status of river pollution in India.)
During the recent prayer, the water did not satisfy the priority standard of the bath water quality due to a high level of a high level of fecular, the National Green Tribunal (APT) reported.
However, in the new report that made a tribunal on February 28, the statistical analysis has shown that the water in the gang of prayer in the trivial was fitting in the bath during the Maha Kumbun.
Reports pay attention to a broader problem of river pollution in India, which deteriorates rapidly with urban development and industrial growth. The pollution of the river affects public health and generates an ecological degradation that affects biodiversity and water ecosystems. The situation emphasizes the pollution of rivers and restore the rivers to their past glory.
It is noteworthy that India is one of the first peoples to recognize River “legal person”Despite this, water bodies in the country continue to face strict pollution issues. Let’s study the main causes of river pollution, analyze the statistics and study the road forward.
The main causes of the river pollution
The Supreme Court said in January of this year that the intracerbars Tamil NaduThe Velor district “irreversible damaged the water line, groundwater and agricultural lands”, unprocessed or partially treated to the talal river. The best court gave it as “ecokid.” The case emphasizes the severe impact of industrial pollution on water bodies.
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However, industrial leaks are one of the few other reasons for the river pollution. Some of them are discussed below.
Untreated sewer. Among all the people who are unprocessed sewers remain the primary cause of pollution in India. According to CPCB, more than 60% of uncultivated sewage is released in rivers a day, which makes water safe and serious problems for the local population and water ecosystem.
Untreated industrial leaks. Untreated industrial leaks after untreated sewage are the main cause of pollution of rivers. Industries such as chemicals, sugar, paper and insecure, wastewater that contain toxic chemicals, which in some cases make serious risks and potential fatal consequences.
Urban solid waste. Another major factor is a solid city waste. Due to ineffective performance of insufficient waste management facilities and waste management regulatoryMillions of tons of solid waste is pouring directly into water bodies every year. It not only hinders the flow of the river, but also damages the water ecosystem.
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Agricultural flow. The agricultural flow further contributes to the pollution of rivers. It contains pesticides and fertilizers, which include toxic chemicals. Freedom nutrients can also cause EutroPicace – A process that wateres oxygen in water and thus increases the body of the river.
Sand mining and illegal harassment. Moreover, the sand mining and illegal encroachments also become significant investors in river pollution. These actions prevent the natural flow of rivers, increase the risk of floods in local areas and increase the pollution of rivers due to insufficient waste management facilities.
What does data say
According to the National CRAFT National Quality Network, CPCB, in conjunction with PCCs and Pollution Control Commissions (PCCS), to assess the quality of water quality of various water sources. Any place / pull of the river, which has a demand (body) of more than 3 mg / l biological oxygen, is identified as a polluted and unusable outdoor bath. BOD is a major water quality indicator. It measures the oxygen needed to destroy the organic matter.
In one of his reports in 2022, the CPCB discovered 311 polluted rivers stretches on 279 polluted rivers in India. It found that 46 rivers stretches more than 30 mg / liter, which shows the high level of organic pollution in the water and makes it poisonous not only for human consumption, but also for a water life.
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Maharashtra province has the highest number of polluted stretches (55). However, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh (each 6) have the most strictly polluted stretches. The Tamil Nadu Coum river has the most contaminated stretching, more than 345.0 mg / l
Similarly, the annual CPCB (2022-2023) reported in the event of the “Undertak Sand”, Bengar, West Bengal is.
Legal basics and policy response
Primary water pollution in India, including river pollution, is water (pollution prevention and control) act, which establishes CPCB as a large state-level institution to plan and regulate environmental standards.
Water (Pollution Prevention and Control) CESS ACT, 1977, Charges for water consumed by a particular industry to finance pollution control. In 1986, the environment of the environment was adopted, which is an umbrella legislation on the environment. According to this act, the rules of the environment (defense) were notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in November 1986. These rules are obtained from industrial emissions.
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Dealing with waste problem, the government also noted several regulations on waste management, including solid waste, biomed waste, electronic waste rules, etc. 2012 year.
However, due to weak mechanisms and a lack of coordination between various agencies, often due to legal interventions. Failed effectively Control the river pollution. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive and well-coordinated initiatives to resolve the issue. In this context, the government has implemented a number of river rejuvenation programs.
River rejuvenation programs
The Indian government has implemented a number of river rejuvenation programs over the years. It is the most noteworthy A plan of action (open)which was launched in 1985. It was implemented in two stages, paying primary attention to sewage interruptions and medical institutions.
In 1996, the plan merged with the National River Program (NRCP). By 2014, Rs. In addition to achieving the goals, 20,000 was spent, but for various reasons he achieved limited success, including its limited coverage, the wrong management of the same lines, but made of flames like challenges.
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The “Namami” Gange program (NGP) started in 2014, which prevailed the gap. The NGP is carried out by the NMCG National Mission. It adopted a complete approach and has made significant progress in sewage cleaning facilities, but illegal harassment, insufficient industrial compliance and waste waste remains large.
Moreover, by December 2024, only ₹ 19,271 religions were spent on the program, which is less than half of the amount, which was previously used until 2026.
Track before
Despite decades of legal efforts and policy interventions, the pollution of rivers in India continues to be a common problem. Rehabilitation programs have made some progress. Encouraging the participation of the community, creating a promotion of awareness and waste creation and behavioral changes, can help.
Moreover, in the constantly changing nature of polluting materials, preventive and controlling measures must be updated accordingly. Advanced technology, including artificial intelligence, can be used for real-time monitoring and waste management.
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The rivers are some self-cleaning entities. To ensure their natural flow, it is necessary to restrain problems such as large-scale river mining and harassment. There is also a need to strengthen the coordination between pollution control bodies, as well as with the government, industry and the local population cooperation.
Indian rivers should be restored to their natural glory, which is possible only through urgent and coordinated actions of stakeholders.
Return Questions:
Insufficient waste management contributes to the pollution of rivers.
What are the environmental effects of solid urban waste on the rivers? How does agricultural flow contribute to the pollution of the river?
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What is the primary legislation in India, addressing water pollution, including the pollution of rivers?
What are the government’s rejuvenation plans to resolve pollution?
What changes are needed to improve the effectiveness of legal intervention in controlling river pollution?
(Renuka is a doctoral researcher at Niffhal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla.)
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